Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Solution : Here on this page we provided Telangana State Class 9 Social Studies full book Solution Chapter-wise. Students of Telangana Board can get here Class 9 Social Studies (Geography And Economics, History) Textbook Exercise Solution.
Telangana Board Class 9 Social Studies Solution:
Board |
Telangana SCERT |
Class |
9 |
Subject |
Social Studies |
Topic |
Question Answers |
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter-wise Solution:
- Chapter 1 Our Earth
- Chapter 2 The Natural Realms of the Earth -Lithosphere
- Chapter 3 Hydrosphere
- Chapter 4 Atmosphere
- Chapter 5 Biosphere
- Chapter 6 Agriculture in India
- Chapter 7 Industries in India
- Chapter 8 Service Activities in India
- Chapter 9 Credit in the Financial System
- Chapter 10 Prices and Cost of Living
- Chapter 11 The Government Budget and Taxation
- Chapter 12 Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions
- Chapter 13 Industrialisation and Social Change
- Chapter 14 Social Protest Movements
- Chapter 15 Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa
- Chapter 16 Impact of Colonialism in India
- Chapter 17 Expnasion in Democracy
- Chapter 18 Democracy : An Evolving Rights
- Chapter 19 Human Rights Fundamental Truth
- Chapter 20 Women Protection Acts
- Chapter 21 Disaster Management
- Chapter 22 Traffic Education
Sample of Solution
Chapter 1 – Our Earth
1.) Look at the map of India in an Atlas and identify latitude and longitude for the followingplaces:
Kanyakumari _______ and ______
Imphal _______ and ___________
Jaisalmer ____________ and ________
Pune _____________ and _____________
Patna _____________ and ________________
Ans:
8 N and 77.5 E
24.8 N and 93.9 E
26.9 N and 70.9 E
18.5 N and 73.8 E
25.5 N and 85.1E
2.) Identify the words that match with Latitude and Longitude (parallel lines, verticallines, horizontal lines)
Ans: Latitude – parallel lines, horizontal lines
Longitude – verticallines
Look at the world map of time zones on the next page.
a) If you travel from New Delhi to Paris, which time zone are you moving to? ______.
b) If you are travelling from Hyderabad to Tokyo, which time zone are you moving to? __________.
Ans: a) Central European Standard Time.
b) Japan Standard Time.
4.) Why is it difficult to study the formation of the earth and its structure?
Ans: The primary cause of this is that even the deepest mines we have yet dug only extend a few kilometres below the surface, whereas the radius of the earth or the distance to its centre is nearly 6,000 km.
The earth is made up of three main layers:
1.) Crust: The crust is the outermost layer of the earth, where we inhabit.
2.) Mantle: It can be found at a depth of 100 km and 2,900 km. The crust floats on top of a supple layer of the upper mantle. Mostly silicate-type compounds make up this substance.
3.) Core: It can be found between 2,900 km and 6,376 km below the surface. It is made up of heavy, dense materials like iron and nickel. It has two lower levels that can be separated.
2,900 to 5,100 km in diameter, made mostly of liquid metals including nickel and iron.
Iron compounds and heavy materials like gold make up the solid inner core of the planet, which is located between 5,100 and 6,376 km deep.
5.) Read the paragraph under the heading “Internal structure of the earth” and answer thequestion.How can you say that the Earth is still very active?
Ans: It’s interesting to note that material from the earth’s mantle’s deep layers rises through volcanoes and fractures on ocean floors before cooling and solidifying to form the crust. In numerous places on the planet, a portion of the crust sinks into the mantle and re-melts. Our Earth’s continued high level of activity can be attributed to this ongoing process of crustal production and destruction. Due to events taking place deep below the earth, the crust on which we live is still undergoing changes from earthquakes, volcanoes, subduction of land, and the rise of mountains.
6.) What is a grid and how does it help us?
Ans: A network of latitudes and longitudes is drawn on a globe. This is known as the “Grid.” The grid allows us to find locations and learn a lot about them, like how hot or cold it would be there, which way we should go to get there, and what time it would be there at any given moment.
7.) Differentiate between
a) Local and Standard time
Ans: The term “local time” describes the time as it is perceived inside a particular area or locality. It depends on how the sun is positioned in the sky with respect to that specific location. It is possible for each country or territory to have its own local time, which is often determined by that location’s longitude.
Within a certain time zone or region, standard time—also called civil time—is a standardised time standard. Usually, it is determined using the mean solar time for a certain longitude inside that time zone. For greater geographical areas, like nations or groups of nations, standard time is employed to maintain coordination and synchronisation.
(b) Equator and Prime meridian.
Ans: The equator is the longest latitude of all. All other latitudes on either side steadily decrease in size as they approach the poles. The 90°N and 90°S at the poles are not even circles! They are only mere points.
The 0° meridian, Prime meridian, or Greenwich meridian is the longitude that passes through Greenwich, England’s astronomical observatory.
8.) If every state follows its local time then what problems would rise?
Ans: If every state follows its local time then it would cause problem in Coordination. When different states follow their own local time, it becomes very difficult to coordinate between the places in the states. It also puts an adverse impact on the communication process and scheduling communications like phone calls, meetings, etc.
9.) With the help of your teachers, find out the standard meridian of the given countries.
1.) Nepal
Ans: 82.5 degrees east.
2.) Pakistan
Ans: 75 degrees east.
3.) Bangladesh
Ans: 90 degrees east.
4.) England
Ans: 0 degrees latitude.
5.) Malasiya
Ans: 120 degrees east.
6.) Japan
Ans: 135 degrees east.
10.) Make a thought provoking poster on earth’s protection.
Ans:
Chapter 2 – The Natural Realms of the Earth Lithosphere
1.) Find the odd one out in the context of lithosphere andgive reasons for your choice
Byson gorge; Grand canyon; Ozone; Thar desert.
Ans: Ozone – as it is the layer of air found on Earth that protects us from harmful rays of the Sun.
2.) How is the lithosphere formed?
Ans: It is the solid crust or the hard top part of the Earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered with a thick layer of soil. (In Greek ‘Litho’ means stone or rock and ‘sphaira’ means sphere or ball.) It is not a smooth surface as you see on the globe, but has high mountains, plateaus or high lands, low plains, deep valleys and very deep basins which are filled with water (oceans). Many of these features are shaped by wind and water. Portions of this crust, in the form of dust etc., are mingled with the air too.
3.) How are the continental plates formed and how are they eventually destroyed?
Ans: The lithosphere undergoes two different types of changes: first, the extremely slow movements that result in the crust’s development, the movement of the continental plates, and the plates’ final return to the mantle. Second, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that occur suddenly and dramatically. The quick movements have the potential to be destructive and do a lot of harm. They also cause changes in landforms at the same time.
4.) List out the landforms formed due to the river work.
Ans: A river’s work starts at the very beginning, in the peaks of mountains where it originates.
i) A river’s flow is quick as it descends the steep slopes, and it uses a lot of force to cut the mountain vertically. As a result, a deep valley forms with a narrow bottom and a wide top. V-shaped valley is the common name for this. Water has enough force at this point to move even very heavy and strong rocks.
ii) The river carves a very tight valley where the rocks are exceedingly hard. The sides are so steep that ‘Gorges’ form. Examples of these include the Indus Gorge in Kashmir and the Byson Gorge in Andhra Pradesh on the Godavari.
iii) . Canyon is yet another significant erosional structure. A canyon may be as deep as a gorge and is distinguished by its steep side slopes. The breadth of a gorge is about equal at both its top and bottom. A canyon, on the other hand, has a wider top than a narrow bottom.
iv) In mountainous places where slope changes are more abrupt, there are many water falls. A “plunge pool” is created when the water falls with considerable power and erodes the rock underneath.
5.) Draw a table as given below and fill information. And write a small paragraph to explain the similarities and differences that you can think of in the context of earth’s external changes. (if there is no information available in the text, leave the columns blank)
Ans:
Wind | Water | Glacier | |
Landform | Dunes | River | U-shaped |
Process | Deflation | Erosion | Plucking |
6.) Why are Glaciers not found in your surroundings?
Ans: Glaciers are not found in our surroundings because it needs certain factors like – constant low temperature, higher the altitude, higher he temperature, continuous snowfall for the snow to join and form glaciers and steep slopes for the formation of the glaciers. In very cold regions like the Himalayas or the Alps, glaciers are found as it snows heavily – they get snow fall instead of rainfall. This snow accumulates and hardens into ice and forms glaciers.
7.) How are Beaches formed and name some Beaches.
Ans: The steep rocky coast rising almost vertically above sea water is called Sea cliff. When sea cliffs weather further, they form rugged capes and bays. A cape is head land cutting out into the sea. A bay is wide mouthed recess in the line of the coast. The sea waves deposit sediments along the shores forming beaches.
Examples: Miami beach, Goa beach, Juhu Beach, Digha Beach, etc.
8.) How is the human lifestyle responsible for extension of deserts?
Ans: About 1/5th of the world’s land is made up of deserts. Some are rocky, others are stony whereas others are sandy. Strong winds carry sand and fine soil which strike the large rocks. These too act as abrasive sandpaper and erode the hard rocks. The wind action creates a number of interesting erosional and depositional features in the desert.
Humans are responsible for the following reasons:
i) Cattle when overgrazed results in soil erosion and soil degradation.
ii) Poor land management and depleting the land natural resource which causes desertification.
iii) Deforestation has been increasing in recent days which is also a cause.
iv) The natural flow of water getting destructed due to increasing urbanization.
v) Unregistered land practices such as, monoculture agriculture, resulting in damaging the soil, making it loose, resulting in soil erodion.
9.) Find out the order of the landforms for the following:
S.No. Landform Order of Landform
1) The Himalayan Mountains II order Land form
2) The Pacific Ocean
3) Asia Continent
4) Byson Gorge
5) Jog waterfall
6) Rocky mountains
7) The Indian Ocean
8) The great rift valley
Ans: Asia Continent
The Himalayan Mountains (II order Landform)
The Pacific Ocean
The Indian Ocean
The Great Rift Valley
Rocky Mountains
Byson Gorge
Jog Waterfall
Draw the map of world plates by observing map 2.
Ans: (Activity to be done in class.)
11.) Read the para under the title ‘Erosion’ on page 20 and comment on it.
Ans: Water and wind have great power and can slowly wear away or cut away the rocks and soil cover in higher places. Water acts in many ways, as rain, river, flowing ground water, sea waves, glaciers etc. Wind too takes many forms like storms, gusts, steady winds etc. The active wearing away of the earth’s surface by these moving agents is called erosion.
This means that erosion is a very important feature and process which is require for the shaping the Earth’s surface. It is a dynamic process which consistently and constantly helps in forming new landforms and changing and shaping the topography of the Earth’s surface over time.
Chapter 3 – Hydrosphere
1.) Find the odd one out and give an explanation for your choice.
(i) a) evaporation b) condensation
c) salination d) precipitation
Ans: c) salination, as it refers to the increase of salt content in water, and the other words are terms related to the water cycle.
(ii) a) tectonics b) centrifugal force
c) solar energy d) precipitation
Ans: b) centrifugal force, as it refers to a term in physics which corresponds to outward force, regardless of the other terms which refer to earth’s natural processes and landform.
2.) Correct the false statements.
a) Ocean trenches can be located near the continents
Ans: True
b) Relief features of the oceans are like plains
Ans: True
c) Most salt in the seas is washed into it from land over centuries
Ans: True
d) Temperature of ocean water remains the same across the globe
Ans: False.
Temperature of ocean water doesn’t remain the same across the globe, as it changes due to factors like altitude, depth and currents of the ocean.
3.) Do you think that the description of blue planet is accurate? Describe any one wayin which your activity impacts its oceans.
Ans: 71% of the Earth’s surface is filled with water and only 29% is covered with land. The colour of the water is mostly blue. That, is why the description of the Blue planet is accurate.
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are increasing day by day by human activities, which is destroying the ozone layer and letting the harmful rays of the Sun fall on Earth. This increases the temperature of earth leading to global warming which affects the water life as with increased temperatures the water is starting to evaporate.
4.) Why are there differences in the salinity of oceans?
Ans: Over the course of millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have delivered sodium chloride (NaCl) into the sea by washing over rocks that contain the substance.Oceans get some of its salt from below. Thermal vents and sea volcanoes. The salt is left behind as water vaporises from the ocean’s surface. Over a period of millions of years, the oceansgenerated water that was noticeably salty. The term “salinity” refers to the total amount of dissolved salts in seawater.
The amount of salt (in grammes) dissolved in 1,000 grammes of sea water is how it is determined. Parts per thousand (%0) or PPT are the most used units of measurement.
In general, the oceans have a salinity of 35%, or approximately 35 parts salt to 1,000 parts water.Large levels of dissolved mineral matter are present in all seawater, with sodium chloride, or table salt, accounting for 77.8% of this total.
5.) How is human life dependent upon oceans?
Ans: On Earth, life in the water predominates. The variety of life in the waters has still not yet been fully identified by humans. Since the beginning of time, humans have relied on the oceans for both their food supply and way of life. Fish and salt, two abundant food sources, were available from the oceans. Sand, gravel, and other materials are widely used in our housing and industries. Humans extract minerals from it, including iodine, fluorine, and chlorine. Power is produced by ocean waves. Oils are mined from the ocean floor. We can also find jewels and pearls in the oceans. We have built our civilizations on its shores for millennia, and we have travelled on them to trade with one another.
6.) Observe the map 1 on page 35 and write down the names of a few warm and cold currents.
Ans: Pacific Ocean Currents
1) COLD CURRENTS – California current, Oyashiocurrent , Peruvian current .
2) WARM CURRENTS – North equatorial current, South equatorial current .
Atlantic Ocean Currents
1) COLD CURRENTS – East Greenland current, Labrador current .
2) WARM CURRENTS – Florida current, Gulf stream.
Indian Ocean Currents
1) COLD CURRENTS – Somali current, West Australian current .
2)WARM CURRENTS – North equatorial current ,South equatorial current
7.) Read the para ‘Ocean as a Resource’ on page 33 and comment on it
Ans: Most life on earth is under the water. Human beings still have not finished identifying all the different forms of life in the oceans. Human beings have depended on oceans for their food and livelihood from the ancient times. Oceans provided abundant food resources like fish and salt. We also use the sand, gravel etc. for our industries or housing. Humans extract minerals like chlorine, fluorine, iodine from it. Ocean waves are used for generating power. Ocean floor is mined for oils. Oceans also provide us with gems and pearls. For centuries, we have created our civilisations on its shores and traded across with each other travelling on them. Yet today, oceans have also fallen victim to our exploitation. Many large fish like whales have been disappearing. Oceans have also become dumping ground for plastic and other forms of toxic waste.