A solution defined as a homogenous mixture of two or more components in which the particles size is smaller than 1nm.
If a mixture is to be called solution. It should satisfy the following conditions.
- The components of mixture should be non reacting.
- Mixture should be homogenous.
- Particles size should be less than 1nm.
Components of solution.
Solute:
The components of solution which is present in small amount is called solute.
Solvent:
The components of solution which is present in large amount is called solvent.
For example: when salt is dissolved in water to prepare salt solution so in this salt is solute and water is a solvent.
Salt + Water = Salt Water
Aqueous and non aqueous solution:
- Most of the substance are soluble in water. This is why water is called universal solvent. But all the substance do not dissolve in water.
- Therefore other solvent such as either benzene, alcohol, carbon disulphide, carbon Tetra chloride, are also used to prepare solution.
- A solution in which water act as solvent called Aqueous solution. While other one in which any other liquid act as a solvent called non aqueous solution.
- For example sugar or salt dissolve in water and prepare solution called aqueous solution. And iodine in alcohol called non aqueous solution.
Saturated Solution:
A solution which at a given temperature dissolve as much solute as it is capable of dissolving is said to be a saturated solution.
Un Saturated solution:
When the amount of solute contained un a solution is less than the saturation level the solution is said to be an un saturated solution.
Super saturated solution:
A solution which contains more the solute than required to make a saturated solution is called super saturated solution.
Types of Solution:
Types of solution are divided into the following three categories depending upon the nature of the substance acting as a solvent.
- Solid solution: In this solution solid act a solvent.
- Liquid solution: In this solution liquid act as a solvent.
- Gas solution : In this solution gas act as a solvent.
Solid solution:
In solid solution a solid is the solvent while solute can be either solid, liquid or gas.
Example:
- Solid in solid solution:
Alloys are mixture of two or more metals or a metals and non metals.
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- Liquid in solid solution:
Hydrated salt that is salt containing water of crystallization such as hydrated copper sulphate, hydrated ferrous sulphate, hydrated magnesium sulphate, are example of liquid in solid solution.
- Gas in solid solution:
Gases absorbed on the surface of metal such as nickel, platinum, palladium etc. are example of gas in solid solution.
Liquid solution:
In this solution liquid act as a solvent.
- Liquid in liquid solution:
A solution of alcohol in water is an example of liquid in liquid solution. In this solution alcohol is a solute and water is a solvent.
- Gas in liquid solution:
Such as aerated drink like soda water , coca cola, pepsi, limca, etc. are gas in liquid solution . These contains carbon dioxide gas as solute . Water liquid as solvent.
Gas solution :
In this solution gas act as a solvent. And solute can be either solid, liquid, or gas .
Example
- Solid in gas solution:
Camphor in air or iodine in a air are the example of solid in a gas here iodine or camphor as solute and air is a solvent.
- Liquid in gas solution:
Cloud fog, mist etc. Are example of liquid in gas solution here water drop liquid solute disperse in air (solvent).
- Gas in gas solution:
Air is a mixture of gas in gasses. Air is the homogenous mixture of many gases. In it two main gases are oxygen(21%) and nitrogen (78%) and other gas (carbon dioxide, inert gas, water vapour) are very small in amount.
Properties of solution
- A solution is homogenous mixture.
- The component of a solution do not Chemically react with one another.
- The particles of solution smaller than 1 nm so they can not be seen in naked ayes and even under microscope.
- Because of small size, the solute particles do not scatter a beam of light passing through a solution , therefore the path of lightis not visible in a solution.
- The particles of solute in a solution pass through the filter paper there by showing that a solute particles are smaller Than the pores of filter paper.
- When the solution is allowed to stand, undistributed the particles of the solute do not Settle . This show that Solution are stable.
- A solution is always transparent in nature . It may be colourless or coloured.
Concentration of solution:
The amount of solute in a given solution its called concentration of a solution.
As proportion of solute and solvent is not given in solution. Therefore depending upon the proportion of solute, solution can be.
- Dilute solution
- Concentred solution
Dilute solution
Solution with less solute concentration. On increasing the amount of water solution can be further diluted.
Concentred solution
Solution with high solute concentration . On increasing amount of solute , solution can be further concentrated.
- Solid in liquid solution:
If a solution is prepare by dissolving solid solute in a liquid solvent , the concentration of the solution may be expressed either in mass percentage or mass by volume percentage.
Mass by mass percentage:
- It is defined as a mass of solute in gram dissolve in 100 gram of the solution.
- For example 10% solution of common salt in 10 gram of common salt present in 100 gram of solution. That is 10gram of common salt added in 90ml of water become 100gram solution.
- Mass by mass percentage: Mass of solute / mass of solution × 100
Mass by volume percentage:
- It is defined as the mass of solute in Gram dissolve in 100 ml of solution.
- For example a 10 percent mass by volume solution Of common salt in water means That 10 gram of common salt is present in 100 ml of the solution.
- Mass of volume percentage of solution .
- Mass of solute / volume of solution ×100
Concentration of very dilute solution:
- If a very small amount of solute dissolve in large excess of the solvent the value of mass by mass or mass by volume percentage will be very low.
- In order to increase their value , the concentration is expressed in parts per million or ppm.
Mass of solute / Mass of solvent× 109
Liquid in liquid solution:
- If a solution is prepared by dissolved in liquid solute in liquid solvent the concentration of the solution is usually expressed in volume by volume percentage., or simply volume percentage of the solution.
- For example 20% solution of alcohol 20 ml alcohol dissolved in 80ml of water and make 20 % alcohol solution.
- Volume by volume percentage of solution.
Volume of solute in ml/ volume of solution in ml ×100
Question Answer:
1) What is solution?
Answer: A solution defined as a homogenous mixture of two or more components in which the particles size is smaller than 1nm.
2) What is Aqueous and non Aqueous solution?
Answer: A solution in which water act as solvent called Aqueous solution. While other one in which any other liquid act as a solvent called non aqueous solution.
3) Explain the gas type of solution?
Answer: In this solution gas act as a solvent. And solute can be either solid, liquid, or gas . Example
- Solid in gas solution:
Camphor in air or iodine in a air are the example of solid in a gas here iodine or camphor as solute and air is a solvent.
- Liquid in gas solution:
Cloud fog, mist etc. Are example of liquid in gas solution here water drop liquid solute disperse in air (solvent).
- Gas in gas solution:
Air is a mixture of gas in gasses. Air is the homogenous mixture of many gases. In it two main gases are oxygen(21%) and nitrogen (78%) and other gas (carbon dioxide, inert gas, water vapour) are very small in amount.
4) Write down the Properties of solution?
Answer: Properties of solution are following.
- A solution is homogenous mixture.
- The component of a solution do not Chemically react with one another.
- The particles of solution smaller than 1 nm so they can not be seen in naked ayes and even under microscope.
- Because of small size, the solute particles do not scatter a beam of light passing through a solution , therefore the path of light is not visible in a solution.
- The particles of solute in a solution pass through the filter paper there by showing that a solute particles are smaller Than the pores of filter paper.
- When the solution is allowed to stand, undistributed the particles of the solute do not Settle . This show that Solution are stable.
- A solution is always transparent in nature . It may be colourless or coloured.
5) A solution contains 25g of salt dissolved in 250g of water. calculate the concentration of the solution?
Answer: Given,
Mass of solute = 25g
Mass of solvent= 250g
Concentration of solution= ?
Formula:
Mass of solute/ Mass of solution×100
25 / 25+250 ×100
25 / 275 × 100
Concentration of solution= 9.09%
6) What is dilute solution?
Answer: solution with less solute concentration. On increasing the amount of water solution can be further diluted.