NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Solution – Circulation of Body Fluids
NIOS Class 12 Biology Solution Chapter 15 Circulation of Body Fluids . NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 12 Biology Notes.
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
12th (Higher Secondary) |
Subject |
Biology |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT 15.1
1.) Give one example each of animals with open and closed circulatory system
(i) Open circulation. – Prawn, insects etc
(ii) Closed circulation – Vertebrates like human, fish, birds
2). Where in the heart are the following valves located?
(i) Bicuspid.- Between left atrium and left ventricle
(ii) Tricuspid – Between right atrium and right ventricle
3.) Name the following
(i)Structure where the wave of contraction originates in heart to begin heart beat
Ans; Sino-atrial node
(ii) Structure connecting arteries with the veins
Ans: capillaries
(iii) Blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Ans: pulmonary vein
(iv) The blood vessel which collects and brings deoxygenated blood from brain and shoulder region to the heart
Ans: Superior vena cava
INTEXT 15.2
1.) Name the following
(i) The term given to the production of blood cells – Haemopoiesis
(ii) The three proteins present in the plasma (i) Albumin (ii) Globulin (iii) fibrinogen
(iii) Cell fragments of blood involved in the clotting of the blood –Platelets
2.) Fill in the blanks
(i)Transfer of blood from donor to recipient is called Blood transfusion
(ii) Antigens are present on Cell membrane of RBC, and antibodies in the Plasma
(iii) People from blood group O can receive blood from blood group /groups Only from blood group O
(iv) Blood pressure is measured by an instrument called Sphygmomanometer. The reading for a person with normal blood pressure will be around 120 ≠ 5 / 75 ± 5 mercury
INTEXT 15.3
1.) Fill in the blanks :
(i) The clear colourless liquid flowing out of the blood capillary walls is called Lymph
(ii) Lymphatic system consists of Lymph ducts lymph nodes and lymph vessels
(iii) A number of Lymphocytes are present in lymph nodes and attack bacteria
2.) Give one example of lymphoid organ in your body- Spleen
3.) Give two examples of Immuno Deficiency Syndrome- SCID and AIDS
4.) Name the two kinds of lymphocytes of your immune system T-cells, B-cells
5.) Name two heart related disorders (i) Hypertension (ii) atherosclerosis
TERMINAL EXERCISE
1.) Give one function of each of the following :
(i) R.B.C. : R.B .C. provides oxygen to parts of body such as organs and tissues , and transport carbon dioxide to lungs
(ii) Platelets : initiate blood-clotting
(iii) Plasma : Plasma have function such as delivery of digestive end products from the small intestine to other tissues and waste materials are moved from tissues to excretory organs.
2) With the help of a flow chart describe the steps involved in the coagulation of blood
Ans: Thromboplastin (from blood platelets) + Prothrombin (Plasma protein) Thrombin
Ca++ions
Fibrinogen ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ Fibrin (Insoluble fibres)
(Plasma protein)
FIBRIN + R.B.C ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ CLOT (Scab) ;Prevents blood loss
3.) Why is a person with blood group AB called universal recipient?
Ans: Blood group AB is known as the Universal Recipient because it can receive blood from all other blood kinds. There are no antibodies in Group AB blood, hence there is no reactivity to the antigens of other blood groups.
4.) Differentiate between the systolic and diastolic pressures. What are the values of these pressures for a normal human adult?
Systolic pressure | Diastolic Pressure |
Systolic pressure refers to the increased blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction. | There is a decrease in pressure as the ventricles relax and fill with blood. Diastolic pressure is the term for this lower pressure. |
person’s systolic pressure is 120 mm of mercury | Diastolic pressure is 75 mm of mercury |
5.) Give three differences between lymph and blood.
Lymph | Blood |
Lymph is a Colourless fluid | Blood is Red in colour due to presence of haemoglobin. |
Lymph flows very rapid | Blood flows very slow. |
Lymph Contains RBC, WBC, Platelets and Plasma | Blood Contains plasma and WBC |
6) What is immunity? Differentiate between active and passive immunity
Ans: Immunity is the body’s capacity to fight off or defend against the damaging effects of agents that cause disease.
Active immunity : develops as a result of contact with disease-causing microbes. To stop subsequent infection by that specific pathogen or disease-causing organism, the body creates antibodies that stay in the blood. To generate active immunity, weakened microorganisms are used in vaccines, such as The DPT vaccine is administered to create immunity against diphtheria and pertussis.
Passive immunity : This type of immunity is temporary. By injecting pre-made antibodies, it is created. Anti-tetanus serum (ATS vaccination) offers temporary protection from tetanus.
7.) What are
(i) hypertension : Blood pressure is higher than usual (120/75). Hypertension is the term used to describe the high blood pressure condition. Stress, obesity, ageing, or a poor diet are frequently linked to hypertension.
(ii) atherosclerosis : The tendency for fat to accumulate on the inside walls of arteries. Atheroma is the term used for both the deposit and the condition, is called atherosclerosis. This interferes with the heart’s ability to operate by constricting the arteries that supply it.
8.) What is an ECG and what is its function?
Ans: The electrocardiograph, sometimes known as the electrocardiogram (ECG), is a device that can graph the heartbeat. keeps track of heartbeat conduction. This helps in the detection of heart rhythm problems.