NCERT Class 6 English Grammar The Part of Sentence
NCERT Class 6 English Grammar The Part of Sentence: Every sentence we use in our daily conversations and writing must have a subject and a predicate. The subject also comes up first.
The simple sentence has two main parts.
1) Subject- The person, place, or thing doing the action described in the sentence is referred to as the subject.
2) Predicate: The portion of a sentence, phrase, or clause that describes the state or behavior of the subject is referred to as the predicate.
To put it simply, the predicate specifies what the subject does or acts.
It contains the number of words which include, 1) Verb 2) Object 3) Enlargement 4) Compliment
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Division of the Subject
Case 1-
Generally Subject comes before the predicate.
1) Leena is a doctor by profession.
Here, Subject – Leena
Predicate – is a doctor by profession.
2) Rahul is playing basketball.
Here, Subject – Rahul
Predicate- is playing basketball.
Case 2 –
Sometimes the subject can be Gerund i.e. a noun with the suffix “-ing” that has been created from a verb.
Example-
Smoking is injurious to health.
Walking is good exercise for the heart patient.
Case 3-
In imperative sentences, subjects are generally omitted from the sentences.
Example- Thank you rather than I thank you.
Welcome rather than You Welcome.
Shut Up rather than You shut up.
Help the needy rather than You help the needy.
Raise your Left Hand rather than You raise your Left Hand
Case 4 –
A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate.
Example- Sai laughs.
Rahul goes.
In this above sentence, the verb is intransitive, which means without an object or the object is not required to be in action.
Case 5-
In sentences, It, there, those, that, this, they, etc., can be used as a subject.
Example- It is very sunny today.
There are 30 apples in each box.
This is my identity card.
They are classical dancers.
Case 6–
The subject of a sentence can be a to-infinitive clause.
Example- To Smoke is injurious.
(Here, To smoke – Subject Infinitive, is injurious – Predicate)
To walk is a light exercise.
(Here, To walk – Subject Infinitive, is a light exercise – Predicate)
Case 7-
Each Sentence has a subject and predicate. And Subject includes Qualifiers and main words.
Example-
1)The earth rotates.
Here, The – Qualifier, Earth – Main Word, Rotates – Predicate)
2)That dog swims.
Here, That – Qualifier, Dog – Main Word, Swims – Predicate
3) A boy played.
Here, A – Qualifier, Boy – Main Word, Played – Predicate
4) Some girls failed.
Here, Some – Qualifier, Girls – Main Word, Failed – Predicate
Case 8-
The parts of the subject are determiner, adjective, headword, and adjectival phrase. Adjectival phrases are put after headwords and determiners and adjectives are placed before headwords.
Example-
1) Her elder brother in Delhi is a famous doctor.
Here, Her– Determiner, Elder – Adjective, brother-Noun, In Delhi-Adjectival phrase, is a famous doctor – Predicate.
2) A beautiful girl walking on the ramp is my sister.
Here, A– Determiner, Beautiful – Adjective, Girl-Noun, Walking on the ramp -Adjectival phrase, is my sister – Predicate.
3.) An old man running on the road slipped.
Here, An– Determiner, old – Adjective, man-Noun, Running on the road -Adjectival phrase, slipped – Predicate.
Case 9–
As per the rule, subjects appear in the beginning of the sentence. But it can appear or come in the middle or at the end of a sentence.
Example-
1.) I drink a glass of lemonade every day. ( Here, I – Subject)
2.) Every month, he sends me a letter. (Here, he – Subject which appear in the middle of the sentence)
3.) Out of the wood came a lion. (Here, lion – Subject)
Case 10-
The Subject includes two parts: Qualifier and Head-word. Noun is a head word of every sentence. Determiner and Adjective are the Head-word qualifiers (Nouns)
Keep in mind that an adjective should always come in between the determiner and the noun.
Example-
1) A fat boy slipped.
Here, A– Determiner (Qualifier), Fat-Adjective (Qualifier)
Boy – Noun (Head word)
Slipped –Verb (Predicate)
2) His younger sister passed.
His– Determiner (Qualifier), Younger-Adjective (Qualifier)
Sister – Noun (Head word)
Passed –Verb (Predicate)
3) These pretty flowers faded.
These– Determiner (Qualifier), Pretty-Adjective (Qualifier)
Flowers – Noun (Head word)
Faded –Verb (Predicate)
Case 11 –
Please note, Interrogative sentences do not begin with a subject. They start with interrogative words like Do, Are etc.
Do Horlicks contain calcium?
Case 12 –
Please note, Exclamatory sentences do not begin with a subject. The Subject is placed either in the middle or at the end of the sentence.
What a beautiful girl !
How cute the baby is !
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Division of the Predicate
Like the Subject mentioned above, Predicate also has different parts like Verb, Object, Compliment etc.
The predicate will begin with a verb and may also contain other components.
In simple term, it must contain Verb , object, Complements, or adverbials all depending on the nature of verb.
Case 1 –
Verb = Predicate
Example-
Radha Sings.
Here, Radha – Subject, Sings – Verb / Predicate
Case 2-
Verb + Object = Predicate
Radha sings a song.
Here, Radha – Subject,
Sings – Verb , A song – Object ( here Verb and object are predicates)
Case 3 –
Verb + Indirect + Direct Object = Predicate)
Sahil gave him a book.
Here, Sahil – Subject, Gave – Verb, him -indirect object, a book – direct object
( Here, Verb and 2 objects ie indirect and direct are predicates)
So, Predicate – gave him a book.
Radha showed you her dress.
Here,Radha– Subject, showed – Verb, you -indirect object, her dress – direct object
( Here, Verb and 2 objects ie indirect and direct are predicates)
So, Predicate -showed you her dress.
Case 4 –
Verb + Complement = Predicate
Example-
Her face looks familiar.
Here, her face – Subject, Looks – Verb, Familiar – Compliment )
Compliment always adds more information to the subject (like in above example )or adds more information to the object.
So, looks familiar is Predicate.
Case 5-
Verb + Object + Adverbial = Predicate
Example-
Sahil met Seema in the garden.
Here, Sahil – Subject, met – Verb , Seema – object, in the garden -Adverbial (place)
So, met Seema in the garden- Predicate
Case 6-
Verb (to be) + Complement (Noun) = Predicate
Example-
My Sister is a teacher.
Here, My Sister- Subject , is – Verb (to be), a teacher – Complement (noun)
So, is a teacher is predicate.
Case 7-
Verb (to be) + Complement (Adjectives) = Predicate
Example-
Sahil is handsome.
Sahil – Subject, is – Verb (to be) , handsome –Complement (Adjectives)
So, is handsome is predicate.
Case 8-
Verb + Direct object + Indirect object = Predicate
Indirect Object is placed after Direct Object in that case we have to use ‘to’ before Indirect Object.
Seema gave a book to me.
Here, Seema– Subject, gave – Verb, a book -direct object, to me – Indirect object.
So, Predicate – gave a book to me
He teaches German to us.
Here, He– Subject, teaches – Verb, German -direct object, to us – Indirect object.
So, Predicate – teaches German to us.
Case 9-
Verb + Object (Gerund” ends with ‘ing’ ”) = Predicate
Examples –
Sushant enjoyed playing with friends.
Here, Sushant – Subject, Enjoyed – Verb, playing with friends – Object (Gerund)
Predicate- enjoyed playing with friends.
Seema started laughing
Here, Seema – Subject , started – Verb, laughing – Object (Gerund)
Predicate – started laughing