Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 4 Transport and Communication Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 12 Geography Solution Chapter 4.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 12 Textbook. Here You will find Part A Fundamental of Transport and Communication’s Chapter 4 Transport and Communication (Transport – Modes of Transport – Land Transport – Roads and Railways, Water Transport – Sea routes and Shipping Canals, Air Transport, Pipelines. Communication – Types – Newspapers, Radio, Television, Satellite and Internet).
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 4 – Transport and Communication Solution
- State – Karnataka.
- Class – 2nd PUC / Class 12
- Subject – Geography.
- Topic – Solution / Notes.
- Chapter – 4
- Chapter Name – Transport and Communication.
- Subpart – Transport – Modes of Transport – Land Transport – Roads and Railways, Water Transport – Sea routes and Shipping Canals, Air Transport, Pipelines. Communication – Types – Newspapers, Radio, Television, Satellite and Internet.
Model Questions :
(I) Answer the following questions in a word or a sentence :
(1) What is transportation?
Answer :
Transport is a service which makes the movement of people and goods from one place to another easier.
(2) When was the first railway started?
Answer :
The post passenger train started in 1825 in England between Stockton and Darlington.
(3) Which continent has the highest density of rail network in the world?
Answer :
Europe has the highest density of rail networks in the world.
(4) What is water transport?
Answer :
Movement of people and goods through water bodies like rivers and oceans is known as water transport.
(5) What is ocean transport?
Answer :
Ocean transport is a type of water transport in which the ships follow a particular Internationallyrecognised waterway. Example the North Atlantic sea route, the Mediterranean sea route etc.
(6) What are the inland waterways?
Answer :
When the movement of people and good takes place through rivers, canals or lakes is known as inland waterways.
(7) What is pipeline transport?
Answer :
The transport of petroleum or natural gas, or various other liquids and gasses through pipes for a long distance is known as pipeline transport.
(8) What is communication?
Answer :
The exchange of ideas and information between the people irrespective of the distance involved is known as communication.
(9) What is internet?
Answer :
Internet is an abbreviation used for the international network which means a system of networks that connects computers all around the world.
(10) What is cyberspace?
Answer :
A virtual world of electronic computerized space is known as cyber space. It is also known as the internet.
(11) Which is the busiest canal in the world?
Answer :
The Suez canal is the biggest canal in the world.
(12) Expand ISRO.
Answer :
ISRO is an abbreviation used for Indian space Research Organisation.
(13) Which is the largest news agency in the world?
Answer :
Reuters is the largest news agency in the world.
(14) Name the first artificial satellite launched by Russia?
Answer :
Sputnik is the first artificial satellite launched by Russia in 1957.
(15) What is satellite communication?
Answer :
When an artificial satellite kept in space collects and sends information on earth, this type of communication is known as satellite communication.
(II) Answer the following questions in three to four sentences each :
(1) State the different types of transportation.
Answer :
Transportation is movement of goods and people from one place to another. Nowadays every place is interconnected to the other place via transportation, trade and communication. No place is self-reliant; it is dependent on other places for its requirements like food, energy, labor etc. And transportation provides links to different places for the movement of such goods and services. There are four major modes of transport. They are –
(i) Land transport- it is for the divided into road and rail transport.
(ii) Water transport- it is divided into inland and ocean transport.
(iii) Air transport
(iv) Pipelines
(2) Name any two different highways of North America.
Answer :
North America has the highest density of roads in the world. The trans- Canadian highway connects Victoria in the west to Newfoundland on the east coast. Whereas the Alaskan highway connects Edmonton to Alaska.
(3) Name any two important trans-continental railways of Canada?
Answer :
The railways which connect the entire continent either in East West direction or in north South direction are known as transcontinental railways. The two famous trans continental railways of Canada are- trans Canadian railway which connects Halifax in the east to Vancouver on the Pacific coast and the Canadian National railway which connects Saint John to Vancouver.
(4) Name the two shipping canals of the world.
Answer :
Shipping canals are man made waterways which are cut across isthmus to reduce the long distances of voyage. The Suez canal and the Panama canal are the two famous shipping canals in the world. The Suez canal connects the Mediterranean sea and the Red Sea whereas the Panama canal connects the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
(5) Name any two major international airports of South America.
Answer :
The major international airports in South America are Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, São Paulo, Santiago and Buenos Aires.
(6) Name any two inland waterways in the world.
Answer :
The two famous inland waterways in the world are the Rhine waterway and the Volga waterway. The Rhine waterway is in Europe and it flows through Germany and the Netherlands. The Volga waterway is in Russia and the Volga river drains into the Caspian Sea.
(7) Mention any two means of modern communication.
Answer :
Satellite, computer networking, internet, email etc are the modern means of communication.
(8) Expand GIS and GPS.
Answer :
GIS stands for geographic information system and GPS stands for global positioning system.
(III) Answer the following questions :
(1) Write about the world land transport.
Answer :
When movement of goods and services takes place through land it is known as land transport. The discovery of steam engines in the 18th century by James Watt, was a major revolution in the field of land transport. It facilitated the discovery of various motor vehicles. Land transport can also be classified into two types : road transport and rail transport.
(i) Road transport- it is the oldest method of transportation. For example Sher Shah Suri road also known as grand trunk road was constructed during the medieval period. North America has the highest density of roads in the world. For example the Trans-Canadian Highway is about 8000 km long and it connects Victoria in the west to Newfoundland in the eastern part of Canada. Some other important roadways are trans-Asian Highway connecting Europe via Turkey India Myanmar to Thailand, NH 7 in India connecting Varanasi to Kanyakumari etc.
(ii) Rail Transport- the first passenger train was operated in 1825 in England between Stockton and Darlington. It is one of the most used and cheapest modes of transport. The USA has the highest density of railways in the world. Among continents, Europe has the highest density of rail networks in the world.
(2) Write a note on the world water transport.
Answer :
When movement of goods and people takes place through Ocean, sea, river or any other water body then it is known as water transport. Oceans are the cheapest and one of the most used means of transport for international trade. It is useful for bulk trade as well as perishable products. There are two types of water transport namely Ocean transport and inland waterways.
When ships and cargo vessels travel through oceans then it is known as Ocean transport. They follow a certain Ocean route and some of the important world famous Ocean routes are-
(i) North Atlantic sea route
(ii) The Mediterranean sea route
(iii) The cape of good hope sea route
(iv) The north Pacific sea route
(v) The South Pacific sea route
(vi) The South Atlantic sea route.
When the movement of people and cargo takes place through canals, lakes or rivers then it is known as inland waterways. Some world famous inland waterways are-
(i) The rhine waterway
(ii) The Danube waterway
(iii) The Volga waterway
(iv) The great lakes
(v) The Mississippi waterway
(3) Write the world distribution of railways.
Answer :
The first passenger train ran in 1825 in England between Stockton and darlington. The distribution of railways is not uniform all around the World. Europe has the highest density of rail network in the world and most of the rail tracks there have double or multiple tracks. Among countries Belgium has the highest density of railways, 1 km for every 6.5 km square. In hilly regions railway is constructed through digging tunnels which are more often found in England and France. Railways form an important mode of transport in Russia also where it connects important cities like Moscow to other centers. North America has about 40% of the total rail network of the world. It has one of the densest railway networks in the world. It connects highly industrialized regions of the USA and Canada through trans continental railways. Japan, China and India also have dense railway networks in Asia. Recently China is undertaking some major railway projects to connect Tibet and Xinjiang province to mainland China. In Africa railway connects the mineral rich regions of benguela, katanga, Zambia, Botswana etc to the port regions. For example- the Churu railway station connects the copper mines of Zambia with the port of the Dar es Salaam of Tanzania.
(4) Write a note on the Mediterranean Sea route.
Answer :
The Mediterranean sea route is one of the busiest and a famous sea route which connects parts of Europe to Asia and also Australia and New Zealand. It serves the most people and the most number of countries in the world. It passes through the heart of the world and it connects the North Atlantic Ocean to Arabian Sea in the Indian ocean. Crude oil is the most important product which is transported through this route as it connects the Middle East region with the rest of the world. Construction of the Suez canal has been a landmark in the water transport system as it reduced the distance between America and Europe from Asia. The Suez canal connects the Mediterranean sea with the Red Sea.
(5) Write about the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Canadian railways.
Answer :
Railways which traverse across the continent are known as trans continental railways. Trans Siberian railway and trans Canadian railway are two famous trans continental railways.
(i) Trans Siberian railway– it was inaugurated by Czar Nicholson in 1891. It is the longest rail route in the world and it lies in Russia. It connects two continents, Asia and Europe. It connects Moscow on the Atlantic coast to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast. It connects some important cities like St Petersburg, Moscow, Tyumen, Omsk etc.
(ii) Trans Canadian railway- it connects Halifax in the Atlantic course to Vancouver in the Pacific coast. It was constructed in 1886 and connects two main industrial regions, Quebec and Montreal.
(6) Write a note on the inland waterways of the world.
Answer :
Water transport is divided into types. They are inland waterways and ocean waterways. When goods and passengers are transported from one place to another through rivers, canals, lakes etc it is known as inland waterways. Inland waterways can be natural or man-made. Natural inland waterways are the navigable natural river streams whereas artificial inland waterways are man made canals which are made across isthmus for easier movement. Some famous inland waterways are-
(i) TheRhinewaterway – it is found in Europe and It is formed across the Ruhr and the Rhine rivers. It is one of the busiest waterways in the world and it connects industrial regions of Switzerland Germany France Belgium and Netherlands.
(ii) The Danube waterway – it is also found in Europe and it rises in the black forest region of Germany.
(iii) The volga waterway– it is formed by two canal systems. They are the Volga Moscow canal and the vulgar dawn canal. It is found in Russia on the Volga river which finally flows into the Caspian Sea.
(iv) The great lakes– it is found in North America and formed by connecting Lake superior, Lake Michigan, lake Huron, lake erie and lake Ontario.
(7) Write a note on the world air routes.
Answer :
Transportation through air via aircraft is known as air transport. It is the costliest and the fastest means of transport. It is beneficial in emergency situations and in transportation of perishable goods. The first commercial aviation was started in the USA in 1926. Aircraft also travel in predetermined pathways which are known as Airways. There are some International recognised Airways which are used most frequently like-
(i) NorthAmerica– famous airports found here are Atlanta, Chicago, los Angeles, Dallas and San Francisco
(ii) SouthAmerica– famous international airports here are Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, São Paulo, Santiago and Buenos Aires
(iii) Africa– it comes under 2 international flyways. Firstly the east African air route connecting the Indian ocean to South East Asia and secondly the central air route which connects Europe and West African countries to London and South America.
(iv) Australia –
(v) The Russian international air route– it connects Russia to other countries.
(8) Describe the importance of the pipelines.
Answer :
Transportation of petroleum crude oil or any other liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon from one place to another over a long distance is done through pipelines. The China bamboo pipes are the earliest known pipeline which were used in 5000 BC. The USA has a large pipeline network for transporting natural gas, petroleum and refined products. Biginch is a famous pipeline and it carries petroleum from gulf of Mexico to North East States. Even in New Zealand pipelines are used to supply milk from farms to factories. It is widely used in Europe and South America also. It is of great use because it reduces the cost of fuels used in transportation via road rail or aerial means of transport.
(9) Explain the importance of mass communication.
Answer :
The method of exchange of ideas and information is known as communication. During the ancient times messages were conveyed using drugs and smoke signals etc. In the present day various methods of communication have developed to transfer your ideas to a larger public. This means of communication is known as mass communication. For example- newspapers, radio, television, satellite computer networking, internet, email, GIS, GPS and remote sensing. Mass communication is important in various ways like-
(i) It improves the human ability of decision making by generating awareness.
(ii) It creates awareness about the policies and programs of the government.
(iii) It brings technology innovation in agriculture and various other industries.
(iv) It makes people aware about the national and international current affairs.
(v) It brings unity, integrity and stability in the country.
(vi) It helps in the exchange of cultural, social and political ideas of the people and their development.
(10) Explain the significance of transportation.
Answer :
Movement of goods and services from one place to another is known as transportation. It is a link for transfer of goods and people from one place to another. Economically it links the producer and consuming areas. Transport is essential for the overall development and commerce of a region. It helps in agriculture, industry, mining forestry, fishing, animal husbandry etc by supplying raw material from the producer areas and finished goods to consuming areas. Transportation has evolved to a large degree. In ancient times animals were used as a means of transport but with the discovery of Steam engine and industrial revolution roads, railway tracks, railways, aircraft etc became the modern means of transport. Significance of transportation can be understood from an illustration that if agriculture and industry are the body and bones of a nation then transport and communication are its nervous system. Some important benefits of transportation are-
(i) It makes the movement of people easier and faster.
(ii) Brings geographical connectivity and unity and integrity among people.
(iii) Make exchange of ideas easier.
(iv) Makes decision making faster in political and social context.
(v) Generates revenue through economic trade and exports.
(vi) Transportation makes development sustainable as it fulfills the requirements of any region which has a shortfall in food grains, technology, militarisation or any other parameter.
(11) Explain Internet, Remote sensing, E-mail and Satellite communication.
Answer :
Exchange of ideas and information is known as communication. Television satellite computer networking, internet email etc are modern means of communication. Communication has gained an important place in the modern world as it creates awareness about the policy programs and development whereas it helps in learning and adopting new technology innovations in various economic sectors.
(i) Internet– internet is an abbreviation used for international networking. It is a network that connects computers all around the World and makes sharing information easier. For example- world wide web, which encompasses all the cyberspace nowadays. With the help of this all the information is available on a single click and it also made tele- communication far more easier.
(ii) Remotesensing– remote sensing is scanning and mapping of the surface of Earth. It is done by various satellites and these types of satellites are known as remote sensing satellites. It captures aerial photographs and satellite images of the Earth surface which creates a huge database for studying the evolution of the Earth’s surface over a long period of time.
(iii) Email– email is an abbreviation used for electronic mail. The messages are sent and received over the internet with the help of email.
(iv) Satellitecommunication– nowadays various artificial satellites are kept on Earth’s orbit to help in collection and disseminating information for the communication purposes. The satellite receives the signal from Earth and sends back those signals to another point on earth. It made communication faster and more reliable.