Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 3 Human Economic Activities Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 12 Geography Solution Chapter 3.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 12 Textbook. Here You will find Part A Fundamental of Human Economic Activities’s Chapter 3 Human Economic Activities (Primary Activities – Food gathering, Hunting, Animal, Animal Rearing, Fishing, Lumbering, Mining and Agriculture; Secondary, Teritary and Quarternary Activities).
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 3 – Human Economic Activities Solution
- State – Karnataka.
- Class – 2nd PUC / Class 12
- Subject – Geography.
- Topic – Solution / Notes.
- Chapter – 3
- Chapter Name – Human Economic Activities.
- Subpart – Primary Activities – Food gathering, Hunting, Animal, Animal Rearing, Fishing, Lumbering, Mining and Agriculture; Secondary, Teritary and Quarternary Activities.
Model questions :
(1) Answer the following in a word or a sentence.
(1) What do you mean by economic activities?
Answer :
The activities performed by the human beings to satisfy their needs of food, clothing shelter etc is known as economic activities.
(2) What are primary activities?
Answer :
Activities which are directly performed with the help of natural resources are known as primary activities. For example food gathering, hunting, fishing, agriculture etc.
(3) What are secondary activities?
Answer :
The activities concerned with processing and converting raw materials into more valuable and useful products are known as secondary activities.
(4) What is lumbering?
Answer :
The act of gathering forest protects in using them for livelod is known as lumbering. For example cutting down forest trees for making wood, pulp, paper, wood and building material etc.
(5) What is hunting?
Answer :
Hunting is the practice of killing wild animals for food, skin recreation or trade.
(6) What is agriculture?
Answer :
The process of cultivating soil and raising crops is known as agriculture.
(7) What is meant by Animal Rearing?
Answer :
Domestication of animals for milk, meat, bones, skin, hair and wools etc is known as animal rearing.
(8) What is an industry?
Answer :
Industries are the manufacturing units which utilize raw materials to create more valuable finished goods.
(9) What is mining?
Answer :
The extraction of minerals from the earth surface is known as mining.
(10) What are the tertiary occupations?
Answer :
Activities which help both the primary and secondary sectors for increasing their output are known as tertiary activities. Occupations like educational services, banking services, healthcare services, transportation etc come under tertiary activities.
(II) Answer the following in 2 or 3 sentences.
(1) Differentiate between secondary and tertiary activities.
Answer :
Secondary activities are concerned with utilizing the raw materials and converting them into more valuable manufactured goods. Whereas tertiary sector is concerned with helping both the primary and secondary sector without any role of the natural resources. Examples of the secondary sector are fertilizer industry, manure, Steel industries etc. The examples of tertiary sector activities are educational services, banking services, healthcare services, postal services, communication etc.
(2) Mention the different techniques of mining?
Answer :
The extraction of raw materials from the surface of the Earth is known as mining. So the famous minerals which are mined are iron ore, manganese, gold, coal, diamond and petroleum. There are two major techniques of mining. They are open cast mining and underground mining.
(3) Bring out the importance of secondary occupation.
Answer :
Secondary sector is concerned with utilizing raw materials and converting them into finished manufactured goods. Secondary occupations play an important role in the economic development of the country. As the industries involved in the manufacturing process involve technology, capital and skilled labor. It provides employment to the people, generates national income and more foreign exchange.
(4) What are the different types of fishing?
Answer :
The catching of fish and other Marine animals is known as fishing. There are three categories of fishing. They are-
(i) freshwater fishing,
(ii) coastal fishing and
(iii) open sea fishing.
(5) Why lumbering has been developed in cold temperate regions of the world?
Answer :
Gathering of the forest produce for the livelihood of man is known as lumbering. It is usually done in temperate forest as well as tropical forest. Lumbering is extensively done in the coniferous forest region in Canada, Russia, Sweden, Finland, Norway and other cold regions because a single variety of tree is found in large extensive land which makes cutting and utilizing of wood easier.
(6) Write a short note on food gathering.
Answer :
The Act of collecting basic food clothing in shelter needs from nature is known as food gathering. Forests are a rich source of trees, leaves, bamboo, herbs and roots. It fulfills the requirement of various Nomadic tribes which are directly dependent on them for their food and livelihood.
(III) Answer the following Questions :
(1) Explain animal rearing in the world.
Answer :
The domestication of animals for various purposes like extraction of milk, meat, bones, skin, hairs and wool etc is known as animal rearing. During the ancient civilizations animal rearing had played a key role in the evolution of the present agriculture patterns and the dietary habits of the people. Animal rearing is extensively carried out in the modern methods and traditional methods as well. The tribal population of Africa does animal rearing in traditional ways. The Fulani of Nigeria, the Masai of east Africa, the Bedouins of Sahara and the Kyrgyz of Central Asia are the tribes which reared animals for milk, meat, wool etc. Modern techniques of animal rearing are used in North America, Australia, USA and Argentina. In Australia and New Zealand commercial rearing of sheep for wool and mutton is famous. These are the regions of temperate grasslands which provide large areas for grazing and domestication of animals.
(2) Explain Agriculture in detail.
Answer :
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating soil and raising crops. In the earlier civilizations men usually practiced a Nomadic culture but with the later development the agriculture developed. Even the permanent settlements were established with the development of settled agriculture. Agriculture ensures the regular supply of food and it started as subsistence agriculture. Subsistence agriculture is a practice of cultivating crops only for fulfilling family needs and not for any commercial purposes. It is the most primitive type of farming. Now agriculture is a large-scale activity which has undergone many scientific developments and advancements. Plantation agriculture is mainly concerned with export culture. Crops like rice wheat mustard palm oil etc are the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Many of the developing countries are still dependent on agriculture as the main source of income or the main source of employment.
(3) What is mining? Explain the types, advantages & disadvantages of mining?
Answer :
The extraction of minerals from the earth surface is known as mining. Various ores like iron ore, manganese, gold, coal, diamond, and petroleum are mined extensively. Nowadays mining is a huge economic activity in various countries and petroleum is one of the most traded minerals in the world. There are three major techniques of mining. They are-
(I) Open cast mining- it is done for the minerals which are found closer to the Earth surface. It is the easiest method of mining as the soil covering the mineral is removed and the ore is extracted. For example coal and iron ores.
(II) Underground mining- this method is used in ores which are found at greater depth. It is done through drilling and pumping the ores. For example petroleum and natural gas.
(III) Shaft mining- it is done for minerals which are found at greater depth. For example coal, lead, iron ore, rock salt etc.
Various advantages of mining are :
(i) Availability of raw material for various industries
(ii) Manufacturing various alloys which helps in building spacecraft and rockets
(iii) Greater export value
(iv) Increases foreign exchange
(v) Reduces dependent on global supply chains.
Various disadvantages of mining are :
(i) Environment pollution
(ii) Depletion of force
(iii) Water pollution
(iv) Destruction of natural habitats of various animals and plants.
(4) Explain fishing in detail.
Answer :
The act of collecting fishes, crabs, sharks, sea shells and other Marine products is known as fishing. Fishing has been a part of human civilization for a very long time. Fishing is done in both traditional and modern ways. Traditionally the fishing is done with small boats, arrows, small nets etc. Various modern techniques are being used for fishing in some developed countries like Japan, USA, Baltic States, UK and Norway. They undertake fishing at commercial scale and it forms a major export product in their economic activities.
Based on the fishing ground fishing has been divided into three categories-
(i) Freshwater fishing- it is done in freshwater bodies like ponds, tanks, rivers and lakes.
(ii) Coastal fishing- it is done along the coast.
(iii) Open sea fishing- it is performed in open seas with the use of modern fishing vessels at a large scale.
(5) Differentiate between tertiary and quaternary activities.
Answer :
Tertiary sector includes services retailing entertainment banking education healthcare transport communication etc. It is usually concerned with helping both primary and secondary sectors. For example, transport services allow consumers to travel from one place to another. In a way it helps the farmers to reach the farmland and the employees of the industries to reach their site of work. In developed countries 75% or more of their population is engaged in the service sector only. Professionals like teachers, musicians physicians, lawyers etc comes under the service sector.
Quaternary activities :
The activities which are concerned with only knowledge and information come under this category. Industries like software sports recreation etc comes under quaternary sector activities. It can be considered as a subset of the service sector, but it is only concerned with handling in processing of knowledge and information only.
(6) Explain secondary occupations.
Answer :
The process of converting raw material into finished manufactured goods is known as secondary activities. The manufacturing units involved in this process are known as industries and it forms the secondary sector in the economy. It is concerned with processing in conversion of raw material into more valuable and useful products. It from the major part of the economy and have various benefits like-
(i) it increases national income and brings foreign exchange
(ii) Provides employment
(iii) Helps in advancing in agriculture sector
(iv) Brings foreign investment in the country.
Industries are classified depending on the raw materials which they use. Like-
(i) Agro based industries- cotton textile industries, jute textile industry etc
(ii) Forest based industry- sugar industries, silk industry, paper industry, rubber industry etc
(iii) Mineral based industries- iron and steel industry, aluminum industry etc.
It is one of the most important factors in economic activity and most of the developed countries have a strong secondary sector. It provides employment to the people and generates for an exchange which are the two main benefits of it.
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