Chhattisgarh State Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 14 Gender Equality and Women’s Rights Exercise Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Questions and Answers here.
Chhattisgarh State Class 9 Social Science Chapter 14 Gender Equality and Women’s Rights Solution
- Why are cycles made differently for boys and girls, as shown in Images 1 and 2?
Ans: Both women and men have different choice and types of dresses. The most common dress for a woman is a ‘skirt.’ The cycle in image 1 doesn’t have a sturdy rod between the seat and the handle of the cycle, s show in image 2, so that open dresses like skirts can fit there and the rider has no problem riding the bike.
- What difference is there between Images 3 and 4? Why is there a difference?
Ans: One of the key differences between the bag shown in both images, is that image 3 is a woman’s shoulder bag which is very compact and stylish, whereas the bag shown in image 4 is a gents’ office bag, which tend to be very spacious and large.
- Who uses the handbags shown in Images 3 and 4?
Ans: Women uses the bag in Image 3, while a man uses the bag in image 4.
- Can both girls and boys use all the items shown in Images 1 to 8 or not?
Ans: Yes, sometimes both girls and boys use all the items shown in Images 1 to 8, according to their needs.
- What does the term ‘gender’ convey to you?
Ans: There are biological differences between boys and girls and we recognize them at birth. But it is society that has assigned different roles and attire to men and women. These roles have slowly become fixed. This societal perspective, which determines the role of men and women, is what we call gender.
- Are politeness, tenderness, and tolerance qualities we find only in women? Discuss with reasons.
Ans: No, politeness, tenderness, and tolerance qualities are found not only in women, but also men, because it is important for us to understand that these roles are assigned not merely on the basis of sexual or biological differences but are influenced by social practices.
- Why did you choose some jobs only for men? Discuss among yourselves.
Ans: Both of the jobs can be performed by men and women.
- Why do you think men are unsuitable for those jobs that you chose for women?
Ans: Both men and women are suitable for the jobs list provided.
- Why do you think the jobs you chose for both men and women are suitable for both?
Ans: The jobs I chose for both men and women are suitable for both because, both men and women and obtain the highest level of qualification required to perform the jobs.
- Why did Shyamlal stop his wife Ramvati from working? Are the reasons he gives legally valid?
Ans: Shyamlal stop his wife Ramvati from working because he accepted the age-old traditions and customs and is accustomed to thinking that only men have the right to decide who stays at home and who can work outside. And that is legally invalid.
- How would the family have benefited if Ramvati had worked in a factory or somewhere else?
Ans: If Ramvati had worked in a factory or somewhere else, the family could have gained a lot of extra income which would help them sustain financially. The family could have arranged the money needed to bring up their children properly and to get their daughter get married.
- Whose thinking do you think was right, Shyamlal’s or Ramvati’s? Discuss with your teacher.
Ans: Ramvati.
- What were the difficulties people from the weaker sections of society faced during Savitribai Phule’s time and why?
Ans: During Savitribai Phule’s lifetime, people belonging to the lower social castes faced a lot of discrimination, violence and persecution in India while people belonging to the upper classes were held in high esteem and revered. It was the upper castes who formulated social laws and religious policies, instilling the fear of sin in people to get them to accept and obey the laws. In those days, women did not have the right to education, property, freedom, equality and respect.
- Why did Savitribai Phule believe that education is an important tool for the emancipation of women and people from the weaker sections of society?
Ans: Savitribai Phule believed that women could liberate themselves from such social conventions only if they were educated. She made education her weapon. She felt the only way to change people’s mental attitudes was through education and scientific thinking.
- What efforts did Savitribai Phule make for women’s education?
Ans: Savitribai Phule worked hand in hand with her husband Jyotiba Phule to bring education to the weaker sections. She established the first school for girls in 1848. She set up 17 more schools by 1897. She was illiterate herself but learnt to read and write with the help and motivation of her husband. She became the first woman teacher of her school. She motivated children from the weaker sections to study. Her school curriculum sought to develop an understanding of moral stories, Devanagari script, grammar, mathematics, geography, Maratha history, and the maps of Asia, Europe and India.
- What was the long-term impact of Savitribai Phule’s efforts in women’s education and social reform?
Ans: The Phule couple faced a long-term impact of opposition from the upper caste communities. Fearing the wrath of influential members of these communities, Jyotibai’s family put pressure on him to close the schools and, eventually, threw him out of their home. The upper caste people tormented Savitribhai in many ways. They threw garbage in the entrance and courtyard of her school. She was insulted and abused while walking on the road. She faced the abuse and torment with patience and courage. But she never forsook her chosen path and continued her work.
- Why do you think Jyotiba Phule encouraged and helped his wife Savitribai to study?
Ans: Jyotiba Phule encouraged and helped his wife Savitribai to study because, she was illiterate herself but, she had to read and write with the help and motivation of her husband. She had to become the first woman teacher of her school. She motivated children from the weaker sections to study. Her school curriculum sought to develop an understanding of moral stories, Devanagari script, grammar, mathematics, geography, Maratha history, and the maps of Asia, Europe and India
- How can women’s participation in a democracy be ensured?
Ans: Women’s participation in a democracy be ensured by the law granting equal rights to boys and girls in their father’s property, which was passed in 1956. It took a sustained struggle to get the law passed. It was argued by its opponents that such a law that would create rifts in the family while its supporters saw it as step forward in upholding the democratic values of justice and equality. The 1956 law had several shortcomings that were subsequently addressed and rectified in a more robust version of the law passed in 2005.
- What rights were women demanding in pre-Independence India?
Ans: Women demanding their voting rights, in pre-Independence India.
- What were the problems plaguing the villages of Chhattisgarh during Rajmohini Devi’s lifetime?
Ans: The problems plaguing the villages of Chhattisgarh during Rajmohini Devi’s lifetime were widespread illiteracy in those days, problems like superstition, conservatism and alcoholism had risen to alarming proportions in the villages of Chhattisgarh.
- Do these problems still exist today? If they do, then what role can Chhattisgarh’s youth play in eradicatingthem?
Ans: No, these problems don’t exist today.
- Discuss the efforts that are being made in your area for women’s empowerment.
Ans: Concepts like “equal pay for both men and women,” “compulsory education until class 12,” “government grants and prizes for women who complete higher studies in universities” are being made in my area for women’s empowerment.
- Discuss the adverse effects of alcohol addiction on the health and lives of people.
Ans: The adverse effects of alcohol addiction on the health and lives of people include:
a) Health problems like malfunctioning of liver.
b) Increased levels of stress, depression and other mental health issues.
c) Lack of concentration in workplaces.
d) Reduced life span expectancy as it primarily damages the internal organs.
e) Addiction to alcohol may degrade financial situation of a person, as he/she would be addicted to buying alcohol everyday.
EXERCISES
1.) Choose the correct answer:
i) Gender means
a) biological difference b) economic difference
c) social difference d) political difference
Ans: a) biological difference
ii) Household work done by women is considered to be
a) high wages work b) no wages work
c) low value work d) women’s work
Ans: b) no wages work
iii) Men dislike cleaning, cooking, washing clothes, etc in their home but they are seen to do such work outside their homes. This is because
a) they get paid
b) there is no dignity in doing these chores
c) they do not earn any money
d) such work takes a lot of effort
Ans: a) they get paid
iv) Many people accept their gender-based roles because
a) they accept traditional beliefs and customs and cannot easily discard them
b) they think it is against the law to change their roles
c) they feel it would not be just to women for them to change their roles
d) they feel it would be difficult for them to change their roles
Ans: a) they accept traditional beliefs and customs and cannot easily discard them
2.) Fill in the blanks:
i) Women first demanded ………………………………… rights linked to their personal lives.
Ans: political
ii) Women have ………………………. percent reservation in local self-government bodies.
Ans: 33
iii) Women are demanding 33 percent reservation in …………………………………………
Ans: Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies.
iv) Women are forming …………………………………………………… to achieve economic
self-reliance.
Ans: self-help groups (SHGs)
3.) Answer the following questions:
i) What were the prejudices against women?
Ans: Some ideas are implanted in the brains of boys and girls as they develop. For example, women are responsible for the household and the rearing of children, whilst males work outside the home despite their ability to handle household duties. These were the prejudices against women.
ii) What is the basic difference between the work women do at home or outside?
Ans: Women have been given responsibilities that are boring, tedious and require a lot of hard work. Bringing up children after childbirth is considered their primary responsibility. Along with this primary responsibility, their other duties include household chores like cooking, cleaning, etc. Such work is called women’s work. Whereas, men who work outside the home. It’s not that they cannot do housework. They just think that housework is a job for women.
iii) What was taught in the schools run by Savitribai Phule?
Ans: Savitribai Phule’s school curriculum sought to develop an understanding of moral stories, Devanagari script, grammar, mathematics, geography, Maratha history, and the maps of Asia, Europe and India.
iv) What efforts did women make to win their rights?
Ans: Women had to fight for many years in most democratic nations throughout the globe to achieve political rights. Women played an important part in India’s freedom struggle and have continually advocated for their rights. They fought for their voting rights repeatedly, even joining the International Universal Suffrage Movement. Kumudini Mishra was asked to represent India’s women to the International Women’s Suffrage Congress in Budapest in 1913.
During the debates on political changes in 1917, women also expressed their need for educational and health advantages. In 1921, the Madras Assembly gave women the opportunity to vote for the first time. The Act of 1935 designated seats in the legislature for women. However, it was not until the Indian Constitution went into force that every adult woman in the nation was granted the right to vote.
v) What are the reasons for gender discrimination in society?
Ans: Boys and girls have biological distinctions that we recognise from birth. However, it is society that has given men and women separate duties and clothes. These responsibilities have gradually been established. This cultural attitude that dictates men’s and women’s roles is referred to as social or gender discrimination. Our socio-cultural practises give roles in life to boys and girls from the moment they are born. These responsibilities are determined by gender disparities. ‘Genderisation’ refers to the practise of assigning positions depending on gender.
For example, males are often seen to be physically stronger than women, thus they can easily undertake occupations that are deemed difficult and need strength. Similarly, women are seen to be naturally gentle and sensitive, so they can care for children successfully.
In general, the distinction between men and women is attributable to biological differences. However, it is critical to recognise that these roles are allocated not just on the basis of sexual or biological distinctions, but are also impacted by social practises. Our prevailing societal views influence these roles.
vi) If women get the opportunity to participate equally in decision-making bodies, how will it affect their status in society?
Ans: Women believe that if they get due representation in political organizations, they will be able to mobilise public opinion and get laws passed on issues linked to their daily lives. They believe it will help them to take personal and political decisions more easily.
vii) What efforts are being undertaken to make women economically self-reliant?
Ans: Along with seeking political rights, women have also tried to become economically self-reliant because they cannot take independent decisions without being economically empowered. Over the past few decades, women have benefited from the various government schemes and also made efforts themselves to become economically self-reliant.
Along with this women have started to develop their Self-Help Groups (SHGs). SHGs have helped women find jobs as auto, jeep, tractor, harvester and van drivers. Women are also engaged in making sanitary napkins and compost powder from egg shells. Motivated by these efforts, women in other rural and urban areas are also engaging themselves in such self-employment activities
viii) What should be done to end the gender discrimination that exists in society?
Ans: a) The government should put more emphasis on passing and following laws to ensure equal wages for women.
b) It must be made mandatory for girls to be educated and skilled.
c) Women should participate in politics and be recognizable to break the barrier of the age-old tradition and customs.
d) Laws and policies should be enacted to prevent sexual harassment of women.
e) Promote encouraging and varied representations of all genders in the media.